Duodenum sleeve for treating obesity

ABSTRACT

A device for treating obesity by limiting absorption of food through a wall of a duodenum of a patient including a sleeve inserted into the duodenum of a patient. The sleeve includes a plurality of first blocking areas and a plurality of first food absorption areas, the first blocking areas providing duodenum wall covers to prevent food absorption through the duodenum wall and the first blocking areas together defining a first total blocking area. The first food absorption areas providing access to the duodenum wall to enable food absorption through the duodenum wall and the first food absorption areas together defining a first total absorption area.

This application claims priority from provisional application Ser. No.61/975,764, filed Apr. 5, 2014, the entire contents of which areincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

The application relates to a sleeve for treating obesity, and, moreparticularly, to a sleeve placed in the duodenum to limit absorption offood.

2. Background of the Related Art

The duodenum is the proximal portion of the small intestine extendingfrom the pylorus to the jejunum. It is the shortest path of the smallintestine where most chemical digestion takes place, and is typicallybetween 10-15 inches long. The superior part of the duodenum isconnected to the liver. The inferior part passes to the left. Thepancreatic duct and common bile duct enter the descending part of theduodenum thought the major duodenal papilla. The ascending part of theduodenum joins with the jejunum at the duodenojejunal flexure.

Inside the duodenum occurs the mixing of acid chyme from the stomach,bile from the liver and gallbladder, pancreatic juice and intestinaljuices. The entry of acid chyme into the duodenum brings about dischargeof bile from the gallbladder and the secretion of pancreatic juice bythe pancreas.

The duodenum is largely responsible for the breakdown of food in thesmall intestine, using enzymes. The duodenum also regulates the rate ofemptying the stomach via hormonal pathways. Secretin and cholecystokininare released from cells in the duodenal epithelium in response to acidicand fatty stimula present there when the pylorus opens and releasesgastric chyme into the duodenum for further digestion. These cause theliver and gall bladder to release bile, and the pancreas to releasebicarbonate and digestive enzymes such as trypsin, lipase, and amylaseinto the duodenum as needed.

The incidence of obesity continues to increase worldwide. Obesity hasbeen defined in terms of a body mass index greater than 30, with bodymass index defined by weight in kilograms divided by the square of theheight in meters. (Overweight is defined as a body mass index of over25). Obesity can cause a number of serious health conditions such ashypertension, diabetes, certain forms of cancer, coronary arterydisease, stroke, congestive heart failure, and venous disease. Obesitycan also cause orthopedic problems, skin problems and respiratorydifficulties.

A variety of methods are currently being utilized to treat obesity. Ingeneral, these procedures fall into two categories: procedures whichrestrict food intake or procedures which alter the anatomy of the smallintestine or divert the peristalsis of a person's food intake past thesmall intestine to decrease caloric absorption.

Some methods are designed to reduce the stomach by partition or bypasssuch as by stapling or tying off portions of the large or smallintestine or stomach to reduce the amount of food desired by thepatient, and the amount absorbed by the intestinal tract. In gastricbanding, an adjustable band is placed externally of the stomach toconstrict a portion of the stomach. Such treatments are designed toreduce the caloric intake of the individual by more rapidly triggeringthe satiety impulse or limiting the amount of food the individual caningest. Complications can occur as the individual, due to the stomachrestriction, may not be intaking sufficient nutrients.

Laparoscopic methods of banding and vertical banded gastroplasty havebeen developed, which although provide the advantages of minimallyinvasive surgery compared to open surgery, are complicated to performand oftentimes cannot be utilized, as well as can lead to adverseeffects due to long term failure to ingest sufficient nutrients.

Additionally, many of these surgical procedures for treating obesityhave the disadvantage of being irreversible.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention advantageously provides a minimally invasive fullyreversible device and method for treating obesity. The device and methodlimit food absorption from the duodenum thereby leading to weightreduction. The device is advantageously inserted minimally invasively,does not require reconstructive surgery of the digestive system, and iseasily removable. The treatment method is also adjustable as a series ofdevices can be selectively inserted to actively control and maintain adesired amount of food absorption from the duodenum.

More particularly, in accordance with one aspect, the present inventionprovides a device for treating obesity by limiting absorption of foodthrough a wall of a duodenum of a patient. The device comprises a sleeveconfigured and dimensioned for insertion into the duodenum of thepatient, the sleeve having a proximal portion, a distal portion and anintermediate portion between the distal and proximal portions. Thesleeve includes a plurality of first blocking areas and a plurality offirst food absorption areas, the first blocking areas providing duodenumwall covers to prevent food absorption through the duodenum wall and thefirst blocking areas together defining a first total blocking area.

The first food absorption areas provide access to the duodenum wall toenable food absorption through the duodenum wall and the first foodabsorption areas together define a first total absorption area.

In some embodiments, the first blocking areas include a plurality ofspiral sections and the first food absorption areas include a pluralityof gaps between the spiral sections. The sleeve can include a retrievalstructure at a proximal portion and/or at a distal portion for retrievalof the sleeve.

In some embodiments, the sleeve is in the form of a spiral configurationhaving a double helix configuration.

In some embodiments, the intermediate portion of the sleeve has atransverse dimension less than a transverse dimension of a proximalportion, the intermediate portion adapted to be positioned adjacent asphincter of the patient.

In some embodiments, some of the blocking areas have a dimensiondifferent than a dimension of other of the blocking areas.

In some embodiments, the first blocking areas are formed by a coveringmaterial positioned over an internal support, and the first absorptionareas are formed by a plurality of pores formed in the coveringmaterial. In some embodiments, the internal support includes a series ofspirals; in other embodiments, the internal support includes a meshmaterial.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a kitcomprising first and second devices for treating obesity by limitingabsorption of food through a wall of a duodenum of a patient isprovided. The kit comprises:

a first device having a first sleeve configured and dimensioned forinsertion into the duodenum of the patient, the first sleeve having aproximal portion, a distal portion and an intermediate portion betweenthe distal and proximal portions, the first sleeve including a pluralityof first blocking areas and a plurality of first food absorption areas,the first blocking areas providing duodenum wall covers to prevent foodabsorption through the duodenum wall and the first blocking areastogether defining a first total blocking area, the first food absorptionareas providing access to the duodenum wall to enable food absorptionthrough the duodenum wall and the first food absorption areas togetherdefining a first total absorption area; and

a second device having a second sleeve configured and dimensioned forinsertion into the duodenum of a patient, the second sleeve having aproximal portion, a distal portion and an intermediate portion betweenthe distal and proximal portions, the second sleeve including aplurality of second blocking areas and a plurality of second foodabsorption areas, the second blocking areas providing duodenum wallcovers to prevent food absorption through the duodenum wall and thesecond blocking areas together defining a second total blocking area,the second food absorption areas providing access to the duodenum walland together defining a second total absorption area to enable foodabsorption through the duodenum wall, wherein the second total blockingarea is greater than the first total blocking area and the second totalabsorption area being less than the first total absorption area.

In some embodiments, the first absorption areas include a firstplurality of pores formed in a first covering material of the firstsleeve and the second absorption areas include a second plurality ofpores formed in a second covering material of the second sleeve. In someembodiments, the number of pores in the first plurality of pores isgreater than a number of pores in the second plurality of pores. In someembodiments, a size of the pores in the first plurality of pores isgreater than a size of the pores in the second plurality of pores. Insome embodiments, the first blocking areas include a first plurality ofspiral sections and the second blocking areas include a second pluralityof spiral sections. In some embodiments, a width of the spiral sectionsof the first plurality of spiral sections is less than a width of thespiral sections of the second plurality of spiral sections. In someembodiments, a pitch of the spiral sections of the first plurality ofspiral sections is greater than a pitch of the spiral sections of thesecond plurality of spiral sections.

The present invention in accordance with another aspect provides amethod for treating obesity comprising:

providing a sleeve having a series of blocking areas and a series ofnon-blocking areas;

inserting the sleeve into the duodenum; and

leaving the sleeve in the duodenum so that food absorption through awall of the duodenum is blocked by the series of blocking areas andallowed by the series of non-blocking areas.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of removingthe sleeve after a period of time. In some embodiments, the methodfurther comprises the step of inserting a second sleeve having a totalblocking area different than a total blocking area of the removedsleeve.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that those having ordinary skill in the art to which the subjectinvention appertains will more readily understand how to make and usethe surgical apparatus disclosed herein, preferred embodiments thereofwill be described in detail hereinbelow with reference to the drawings,wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the duodenumsleeve of the present invention shown positioned in the duodenum;

FIG. 2A is a side perspective view of an alternate embodiment of thesleeve of the present invention;

FIG. 2B is a side perspective view of another alternate embodiment ofthe sleeve of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a side perspective view of another alternate embodiment of thesleeve of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a side perspective view of another alternate embodiment of thesleeve of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a side perspective view of another alternate embodiment of thesleeve of the present invention;

FIG. 6A is a side perspective view of another alternate embodiment ofthe sleeve of the present invention;

FIG. 6B is a side perspective view of another alternate embodiment ofthe sleeve of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another alternate embodiment of thesleeve of the present invention shown positioned in the duodenum; and

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of the duodenumsleeve of the present invention shown positioned in the duodenum.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a first kit of the present inventioncontaining two different sleeves; and

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a second kit of the present inventioncontaining two different sleeves.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference numerals identifysimilar structural features of the apparatus disclosed herein, there isillustrated in FIG. 1 a duodenum sleeve in accordance with oneembodiment of the subject invention and designated generally byreference numeral 10. As shown, the sleeve 10 is positioned in theduodenum 2 of a patient. The duodenum sleeve 10 is positioned andconfigured to limit the amount of food absorbed by the blood vessels bydiffusion from the walls of the duodenum or the proximal jejunum. Thatis, the sleeve 10 limits the absorption area, meaning less food isabsorbed and therefore leading to weight loss as the non-absorbed foodpasses through the intestines and out the body. Stated another way, inthe absence of the sleeve, a given amount of food would be absorbedthrough the bowel walls; in the presence of the sleeve less amount offood will be absorbed through the walls. The amount of food absorbed isdependent on the total area of the sleeve which blocks the wall of theduodenum. This is described in more detail below.

The sleeve 10 is composed of a body formed into a spiral shape andhaving a first proximal portion 12 and a second distal portion 14. Thesleeve 10 can be formed of a metal or plastic material. The spirals(coils) 16 obstruct the duodenum wall and therefore prevent absorptionof the food from the duodenum 2. The spirals 16, as do the spirals ofthe other sleeves disclosed herein, also exert a radial force on theduodenum wall to retain the sleeve in place. Absorption of the food islimited to the space or gaps 18 between the spiral bands 16. Therefore,the coils or spirals each form a blocking area, with the total blockingarea being the total surface area of all the coils. Conversely, thetotal food absorption area is defined by the total area between thecoils since the food can be absorbed through the duodenum wall in thisarea.

The sleeve 10 is removable to advantageously provide a temporary devicefor treating obesity. Removability also enables sleeves with differentstructures to be utilized. This is described in detail below.Consequently, the sleeve 10, or any other of the sleeves disclosedherein, can be placed in the body for a limited amount of time ifdesired. If complications arise from lack of food absorption, or forother reasons, the sleeve 10 can easily be removed.

The sleeve in some embodiments can have a retrieval structure, such asretrieval structure 17 at proximal portion 12′ and retrieval structure19 at distal portion 14′ of sleeve 10′ of FIG. 2B. In this embodiment,the retrieval structure 17, 19 is in the form of a hook which can begrasped by a retrieval tool. In this way, the sleeve 10′ can be easilyremoved from the duodenum, thereby advantageously providing a temporarydevice for treating obesity. In all other respects, sleeve 10′ isidentical to sleeve 10.

In the embodiment of FIG. 2A, the retrieval structure is in the form ofa ball tip rather than a hook. More specifically, sleeve 20 has aproximal portion 22, a distal portion 24 and an intermediate portion 26.A ball tip 27 is provided at the proximal portion 22 and a ball tip 29is provided at the distal portion 24 for grasping by a retrieval toolfor removal of the sleeve 20. Note the hook, ball or other retrievalstructure can be utilized with any of the sleeves disclosed herein. Inall other respects, sleeve 20 is identical to sleeve 10.

The amount of spacing between the spirals of the sleeve determines theamount of food absorption and can be adjusted to adjust the amount offood absorbed. That is, since food is absorbed only through the regionsof the duodenum wall not blocked by the sleeve, i.e., the non-blockingor food absorption areas defined herein, the sleeve configuration and/orgeometry can be varied to achieve the desired amount of food blockageand absorption. Stated another way, the greater the sleeve surface area,the greater the weight loss. In this manner, the desired amount of foodabsorption can be regulated by selection of the optimal sleeve geometryand in certain instances, sleeves of progressively greater or less foodabsorption areas (gaps between the spirals) can be progressivelyreplaced so the amount of food absorption is progressively increased ordecreased as desired. For example, to incrementally treat obesity, asleeve having larger gaps can be the initial sleeve inserted so that arelatively larger amount of food is absorbed. After a period of time,the sleeve is removed and replaced by a sleeve having smaller gaps(wider spirals) so that less food is absorbed. The second sleeve can beremoved and replaced by a third sleeve having even smaller gaps so thateven less food is absorbed. By having smaller gaps, a smaller totalnon-blocking (food absorption) area is provided and a larger blockingarea is provided. Conversely, by having larger gaps, a larger totalnon-blocking area (and smaller blocking area) is provided, allowing moreabsorption and less weight loss. Therefore, it is also contemplated tostart with a sleeve with smaller gaps and replace it with sleeve(s) oflarger gaps. To summarize:

-   -   ↑ width or number of spirals→↓ absorption→more weight loss    -   ↓ width or number of spirals→↑ absorption→less weight loss    -   ↑ gap between spirals→↑ absorption→↓ weight loss    -   ↓ gap between spirals→↓ absorption→↑ weight loss

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a sleeve with thicker (wider) spiralsto create smaller gaps for food absorption. As shown, the width w2 ofthe spiral bands 23 of sleeve 21 is greater than the width w1 of thespiral bands 16 (or 16′) of sleeve 10 (or 10′) of FIGS. 1 and 2B. Thisprovides a smaller gap 28 for less food absorption and greater weightloss.

It should be appreciated that although each of the sleeves are shownwith a uniform configuration, it is also contemplated that the pitchand/or width of the coiled sections can vary in the individual sleeve toprovide regions of the sleeve with different absorption rates.

In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the sleeve 30 has a proximal portion 32, adistal portion 34 and an intermediate portion 36. The intermediateportion 36 has a reduced diameter to accommodate the narrowed diameterof the sphincter. In all other respects sleeve 30 is identical to sleeve10, i.e., has spiral sections 37 with gaps 38 therebetween.

Another way to adjust the gaps (non-blocking area) to affect the amountof food absorption is to vary the pitch of the spirals. That is, insteadof changing the width of the spiral, the space between the spirals isaltered to provide a larger or smaller gap. This is shown for example inthe embodiment of FIG. 5 where the pitch has been decreased so that thegaps 46 between the spirals 42 of sleeve 40 are less than that of theembodiment of FIG. 2B. In this manner, reduced food absorption leadingto greater weight loss is achieved. In all other respects, sleeve 40 isidentical to sleeve 10.

In the alternate embodiment of FIG. 6A, sleeve 50 is in the form of adouble spiral 52 and 54, each wound in the same direction, with the gapsbetween the spirals 52, 54 designated by reference numeral 56. The widthof the spirals and/or pitch can be varied to adjust food absorption asdescribed above. In the alternate embodiment of FIG. 6B, a double helixstructure is provided, with helix 72 and 74 wound in opposite directionsforming sleeve 70. Gaps 76 define the non-blocking areas for foodabsorption.

The sleeves described herein can be formed of a metallic ornon-metallic, e.g., plastic, material. Additionally, the sleevesdescribed herein can be provided with the hook, ball tip or otherretrieval structure to facilitate removal. Moreover, the sleeves canhave areas of different cross sectional dimension.

Preferably, the sleeve has a cross-sectional dimension (or diameter) inits normal state that is slightly greater than the internal diameter ofthe duodenum. For delivery, the sleeve is placed within a deliverydevice and compressed to a smaller cross-sectional dimension providing areduced profile for delivery. The delivery device is advanced into oradjacent the duodenum. The delivery device (and sleeve) can be advancedtransorally in some embodiments. The sleeve is exposed from the deliverydevice and then expands to its normal cross-sectional dimension. Beingslightly greater than the internal diameter of the duodenum wall, in itsnormal position it provides a sufficient radial force against theduodenum wall to thereby be retained within the duodenum.

In alternate embodiments, the duodenum sleeves described above caninclude an outer sleeve placed over the spirals. This is shown forexample in the embodiment of FIG. 7. The sleeve 60 has an internalspiral section 62 and an external covering material 64. The coveringmaterial 64 is attached to the spiral section in a variety of knownmethods. The spiral section thereby forms the support section (internalsupport) for the covering material 64. Pores 66 are formed in thecovering material 64, preferably in the region between the spirals 65,although they can be formed in all portions of the covering material asillustrated. The size and/or number of pores can be varied to adjust theamount of food absorption to regulate the weight loss. For example, alarger number of pores will result in greater food absorption and lessweight loss. Conversely, a smaller number of pores will result in lessfood absorption and greater weight loss. Larger pore size will causegreater food absorption and less weight loss. Consequently, differentsleeves having varying covering material pores can be used to controlweight loss by adjusting the amount of food absorption at various timesfor the patient as described herein. To summarize:

-   -   ↑ number of pores→↑ absorption→less weight loss    -   ↓ number of pores→↓ absorption→more weight loss    -   ↑ pore size→↑ absorption→less weight loss    -   ↓ pore size→↓ absorption→more weight loss

Note that pores can vary in different parts of the covering material.

The spiral section provides a support for the covering section 64. In analternate embodiment, a stent can be positioned within the coveringmaterial 64. In another alternate embodiment, a mesh material canprovide an internal supporting structure for the covering section 64.This is shown in FIG. 8 where mesh 70 supports covering material 72.Pores in covering material 72 allow for food absorption as in theembodiment of FIG. 7.

In the foregoing manners, the weight loss can be monitored in someinstances so that wider spirals provide wider wall covering area toprovide greater weight loss, smaller width spirals would correlate tomoderate weight loss and then even smaller width spirals, creating lesswall covering area, can then be utilized for maintenance. Thus,controlled weight loss can be achieved utilizing minimally invasivesurgery and in a fully reversible manner. Such monitoring can also beprovided with different pitches, pores, etc., as described above.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show examples of kits utilized to achieve theaforedescribed absorption adjustability of the present invention. In thekit of FIG. 9, two sleeves are provided, both of which have spiralsections. The sleeves are different in that the sleeves have spiralsections of differing widths. For example, the kit can include thesleeve 10 of FIG. 1 and the sleeve 21 of FIG. 3. In this manner, ifgreater weight loss is desired, sleeve 10 can be withdrawn from thepatient's body and sleeve 21 inserted into the duodenum so that thereare smaller gaps between the spirals or coiled sections. If less weightloss is desired, sleeve 21 can be removed and replaced by sleeve 10. Inthe kit example of FIG. 10, the two sleeves 80, 90 include a coiledsection 82, 92 and a cover material 84, 94, respectively, overlying thecoiled section. The two coiled sections are identical; however thesleeves are different because the amount and size of the pores differs.In sleeve 80, the pores are larger and more numerous than the pores insleeve 90. In this manner, if greater weight loss is desired, sleeve 80can be withdrawn from the patient's body and sleeve 90 inserted into theduodenum so that there are smaller openings for food absorption. If lessweight loss is desired, sleeve 90 can be removed and replaced by sleeve80.

In use, the sleeve delivery device is preferably inserted transorallyand advanced into the duodenum. The sleeve is withdrawn to expose thesleeve (or the sleeve is moved distally out of the delivery device) forplacement of the sleeve in the duodenum. In some embodiments, thedelivery device can include an endoscope to provide visualization duringadvancement and placement of the sleeve.

The foregoing sleeves can alternatively be inserted via a jejunal accessor through open surgery.

Although the apparatus and method of the subject invention have beendescribed with respect to preferred embodiments, those skilled in theart will readily appreciate that changes and modifications may be madethereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the presentinvention as defined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device for treating obesity by limiting absorption of food through a wall of a duodenum of a patient, the device comprising a sleeve configured and dimensioned for insertion into the duodenum of the patient, the sleeve having a proximal portion, a distal portion and an intermediate portion between the distal and proximal portions, the sleeve including a plurality of first blocking areas and a plurality of first food absorption areas, the first blocking areas providing duodenum wall covers to prevent food absorption through the duodenum wall and the first blocking areas together defining a first total blocking area, the first food absorption areas providing access to the duodenum wall to enable food absorption through the duodenum wall and the first food absorption areas together defining a first total absorption area.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the first blocking areas include a plurality of spiral sections and the first food absorption areas include a plurality of gaps between the spiral sections.
 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the sleeve has a retrieval structure at a proximal portion for retrieval of the sleeve.
 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the sleeve has a retrieval structure at a distal portion for retrieval of the sleeve.
 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the sleeve includes a spiral configuration having a double helix configuration.
 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the intermediate portion of the sleeve has a transverse dimension less than a transverse dimension of the proximal portion, the intermediate portion adapted to be positioned adjacent a sphincter of the patient.
 7. The device of claim 1, wherein some of the first blocking areas have a dimension different than a dimension of other of the first blocking areas.
 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the first blocking areas are formed by a covering material positioned over an internal support, and the first absorption areas are formed by a plurality of pores formed in the covering material.
 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the internal support includes a series of spirals.
 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the internal support includes a mesh material.
 11. A kit comprising first and second devices for treating obesity by limiting absorption of food through a wall of a duodenum of a patient, the kit comprising: a first device having a first sleeve configured and dimensioned for insertion into the duodenum of the patient, the first sleeve having a proximal portion, a distal portion and an intermediate portion between the distal and proximal portions, the first sleeve including a plurality of first blocking areas and a plurality of first food absorption areas, the first blocking areas providing duodenum wall covers to prevent food absorption through the duodenum wall and the first blocking areas together defining a first total blocking area, the first food absorption areas providing access to the duodenum wall to enable food absorption through the duodenum wall and the first food absorption areas together defining a first total absorption area; and a second device having a second sleeve configured and dimensioned for insertion into the duodenum of the patient, the second sleeve having a proximal portion, a distal portion and an intermediate portion between the distal and proximal portions, the second sleeve including a plurality of second blocking areas and a plurality of second food absorption areas, the second blocking areas providing duodenum wall covers to prevent food absorption through the duodenum wall and the second blocking areas together defining a second total blocking area, the second food absorption areas providing access to the duodenum wall and together defining a second total absorption area to enable food absorption through the duodenum wall, wherein the second total blocking area is greater than the first total blocking area and the second total absorption area is less than the first total absorption area.
 12. The kit of claim 11, wherein the first absorption areas include a first plurality of pores formed in a first covering material of the first sleeve and the second absorption areas include a second plurality of pores formed in a second covering material of the second sleeve.
 13. The kit of claim 11, wherein the first blocking areas include a first plurality of spiral sections and the second blocking areas include a second plurality of spiral sections.
 14. The kit of claim 12, wherein a number of pores in the first plurality of pores is greater than a number of pores in the second plurality of pores.
 15. The kit of claim 11, wherein a size of the pores in the first plurality of pores is greater than a size of the pores in the second plurality of pores.
 16. The kit of claim 13, wherein a width of the spiral sections of the first plurality of spiral sections is less than a width of the spiral sections of the second plurality of spiral sections.
 17. The kit of claim 13, wherein a pitch of the spiral sections of the first plurality of spiral sections is greater than a pitch of the spiral sections of the second plurality of spiral sections.
 18. A method for treating obesity comprising: providing a sleeve having a series of blocking areas and a series of non-blocking areas; inserting the sleeve into the duodenum; and leaving the sleeve in the duodenum so that food absorption through a wall of the duodenum is blocked by the series of blocking areas and allowed by the series of non-blocking areas.
 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising the step of removing the sleeve after a period of time.
 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of inserting a second sleeve having a total blocking area different than a total blocking area of the removed sleeve. 